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Geriatric Nutrition is an authoritative reference written to help professionals understand the role of nutrition in the maintenance of health, the management of chronic conditions, and the treatment of serious illness. The Fourth Edition of this best-selling text provides a comprehensive review of nutritional assessment, intervention programs for the elderly, and health promotion activities.

CONTENTS: Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Contributors Chapter 1 Demographics of Aging Introduction Demographic Trends Impact on the Healthcare System Quality of Life and Health Status Healthcare Costs Conclusion Chapter 2 Protein Metabolism and Requirements Introduction Protein Requirements Dietary Protein Intake Dietary Protein Sources Patterns of Protein Intake Effects of Weight Loss and Exercise on Protein Requirements in Older Adults Effect of Protein on Bone Mineral Density Conclusion Chapter 3 Carbohydrate, Fat, and Fluid Requirements in Older Adults Introduction Energy Needs in Old Age Carbohydrate Requirements Fat Requirements Fluid Requirements Conclusion Chapter 4 Vitamin Nutriture in Older Adults Introduction Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin K Vitamin E Vitamin C Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Niacin Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Folate Biotin Pantothenic Acid Conclusion Chapter 5 Mineral Requirements Introduction Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium Dietary Recommendations and Intakes Conclusion Chapter 6 Trace Metal Requirements Introduction Zinc Copper Chromium Selenium Aluminum Molybdenum Manganese Nickel Conclusion Chapter 7 Smell, Taste, and Oral Somatosensation: Age-Related Changes and Nutritional Implications Introduction Oral Sensory Processing of Food and Beverage Flavors Physiology of Smell, Taste, and Somatosensation Integration of Smell, Taste, and Somesthesis Genetic Variation in Taste and Oral Sensation Measurement of Perceived Smell, Taste, and Somatosensations Functional Measures of Smell, Taste, and Somatosensation Smell, Taste, and Somatosensory Changes Associated with Aging Causes of Smell, Taste, and Oral Somatosensory Disorders Impact of Nutritional Status on Chemosensory Function in Aging Impact of Smell, Taste, and Oral Somatosensation on Nutrition in Aging Assessing Chemosensory Complaints in Older Adults Nutritional Interventions for Chemosensory Disorders in Older Adults Conclusion Acknowledgments Chapter 8 Oral Health in Elderly People Introduction Review of Anatomy and Functions of the Oral Cavity Oral Health Status and Needs in Older Adults Changes in Oral and Circumoral Structures with Aging Changes in Oral and Circumoral Structures with Disease Systemic Diseases and Medications Affecting Oral Health Impact of Nutritional Status on Oral Health Impact of Oral Health on Nutritional Status Conclusion Chapter 9 Swallowing Problems in Older Adults Introduction The Impact of Dysphagia Normal Swallowing Neurophysiology of Oropharyngeal Swallowing Senescent Swallowing Differential Considerations for Dysphagia and Aspiration Signs and Symptoms of a Swallowing Problem Treament of Swallowing Disorders Treatment Approaches Conclusion Acknowledgments Chapter 10 The Aging Gut Introduction Aging and the Gastrointestinal System Pharmacokinetics and Aging Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Colon (Large Intestine) Disorders Affecting Both Small Intestine and Colon Rectum Pancreas Liver Conclusion Chapter 11 Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults Introduction The Disease Processes Risk Factors and Their Modification in Elderly Subjects Blood Lipids Blood Pressure Obesity Physical Activity Dietary Modification for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Conclusion Chapter 12 Aging and the Kidney Introduction Renal Senescence Mechanisms of Aging CKD, Frailty, and Malnutrition in Older Adults Conclusion Chapter 13 Impact of Nutrition on the Age-Related Declines in Hematopoiesis Introduction Aging and Hematopoiesis Iron-Deficiency Anemia Iron Deficiency and Heart Failure Conclusion Chapter 14 Skeletal Aging Introduction Skeletal Organization The Pivotal Role of Bone Remodeling In Vivo Assessment of Bone Mass Changes in Bone Mass with Age Adult Bone Loss Onset of Bone Loss Changes in Bone Mass at Menopause Relationship of Loss of Bone Mass to Bone Strength Mechanisms of Bone Mass Regulation Conclusion Chapter 15 Endocrine Aspects of Nutrition and Aging Introduction Nutritional Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus Thyroid Function Adrenal Cortex Water Metabolism Growth Hormone and Insulin Growth Factors Male Hypogonadism Menopause Calcium Metabolism Melatonin and Older Adults Hormonal Regulation of Energy Balance Conclusion Chapter 16 Pharmacology, Nutrition, and Elderly Adults: Interactions and Implications Introduction Extent and Patterns of Drug Use by Elderly Adults Age-Related Pharmacokinetic Changes Age-Related Pharmacodynamic Changes Food Choice and Nutritional Status of Elderly Adults Drug Effects on Nutritional Status Food Effects on Drug Therapy Impact of Macronutrients on Drug Therapy Effect of Nutrient Supplements on Drug Therapy Effect of Herbal Supplements on Drug Therapy Implications for Aging Conclusion Chapter 17 The Geriatric Exercise Prescription: Nutritional Implications Introduction Importance of Exercise in Geriatrics and Geriatric Nutrition Physiologic Changes of Aging That Affect Exercise Capacity Nutritional Disorders in Elderly Adults and Their Impact on Exercise Capacity Optimizing Body Composition with Exercise in Older Adults Assessing the Elderly Patient for Exercise Capacity and Needs Medical Screening for the Exercise Prescription Use of Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Common Geriatric Syndromes Practical Implementation of Exercise Programs in the Clinical Setting Conclusion Chapter 18 Nutritional Assessment of Elderly Adults Introduction Clinical Assessment Anthropometric Assessment Biochemical Measures Immunologic Measures Hematologic Measures Screening vs. Assessment Conclusion Chapter 19 Nutritional Support for the Older Adult Introduction Defining Nutrition Support Defining Malnutrition in the Context of Illness and Aging Issues with Appetite and Access Indications for Nutritional Support Oral Supplements Enteral Feeding Parenteral Nutrition Home Nutritional Support Conclusion Chapter 20 A Continuum of Nutrition Services for Older Americans Introduction Nutrition, Physical Functioning, and Health in Advancing Age Public Nutrition Policy Statements and Recommendations Providing Nutrition Services to Older Persons Nutrition Services for Older Populations Federally Funded Nutrition Programs Nutrition Services Payment Systems Medicare Medicaid Conclusion Chapter 21 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Elderly Adults Introduction Definitions Costs vs. Benefits Nutrition in General Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Nutrition in Geriatric Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Nutrition and Health for Older Americans Food Safety Prevention of Frailty, Disability, and Falls Aging vs. Pathology Strategies for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion in Old Age Training of Health Professionals Conclusion Index