Concise Inorganic Chemistry for JEE(Main and Advanced)
- 5.
- New Delhi Wiley India Pvt Ltd 2024
- xxvii,650 p. PB 27.5x21 cm.
The book is an adaptation of the classic book Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D. Lee (Fifth Edition), which is widely used by students preparing for JEE. This adapted version provides a more concise and relevant treatment of Inorganic Chemistry as per JEE syllabus requirements. The concepts are explained in a simple and straightforward manner. Yet the book provides a thorough grounding of the subject, helping students approach the examination with confidence.
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Preface Note to the Student 1. Structure of an Atom 1.1 Atoms 1.2 Some Important Definitions 1.3 Electronic Configuration of an Atom Quantum numbers Aufbau principle Pauli exclusion principle Hund’s rule Stability of half-filled and fully-filled shells Electronic configuration of ions Nodal planes of different orbitals Slater’s rule Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion-Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix-Match Type Questions Answers 2. Periodic Table and Periodic Properties 2.1 Periodic Table Genesis of periodic classification Moseley’s work Modern periodic law 2.2 Classification of Elements Based on Electronic Configuration Prediction of period and group number of an element from its electronic configuration Neil Bohr’s classification Naming of super heavy elements 2.3 Periodic Trends in Properties Atomic radius Ionic radius Ionization energy Applications of ionization energy Electron affinity Electronegativity Lattice energy Hydration energy Ionic mobility Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion–Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix–Match Type Questions Answers 3. Chemical Bonding 3.1 Attainment of a Stable Configuration 3.2 Types of Bonds 3.3 Transitions Between the Main Types of Bonding Ionic bonds Covalent bonds Oxidation numbers Coordinate bonds Double and triple bonds Metallic bonds and metallic structures 3.4 The Covalent Bond The Lewis theory Sidgwick–Powell theory 3.5 Valence Bond Theory What is the essence of hybridization? Features of hybrid orbitals Calculation of steric number 3.6 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory Effect of lone pair Effect of double bond Effect of electronegativity Back bonding 3.7 The Extent of d Orbital Participation in Molecular Bonding 3.8 Types of Covalent Bonds (Sigma (s ) and Pi (p ) Bonds) Bridge bonding 3.9 Molecular Orbital Method 3.10 LCAO Method s–s combinations of orbitals s–p combinations of orbitals p–p combinations of orbitals p–d combinations of orbitals d–d combinations of orbitals Non-bonding combinations of orbitals 3.11 Rules for Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals 3.12 Examples of Molecular Orbital Treatment for Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules H2+ molecule ion H2 molecule He2+ molecule ion He2 molecule Li2 molecule Be2 molecule B2 molecule C2 molecule N2 molecule O2 molecule O-2 ion F2 molecule 3.13 Examples of Molecular Orbital Treatment for Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules NO molecule CO molecule 3.14 Dipole Moment Application of dipole moment Some special cases 3.15 The Ionic Bond Radius ratio rules Calculation of some limiting radius ratio values 3.16 Close Packing 3.17 Ionic Compounds of the Type AX (ZnS, NaCl, CsCl) Structures of zinc sulphide Sodium chloride structure Caesium chloride structure 3.18 Ionic Compounds of the Type AX2 (CaF2, TiO2, SiO2) Calcium fluoride (fluorite) structure Rutile structure b-cristobalite (silica) structure 3.19 Layer Structures (CdI2, CdCl2, [NiAs]) Cadmium iodide structure Cadmium chloride structure Nickel arsenide structure 3.20 Lattice Energy 3.21 Stoichiometric Defects Schottky defects Frenkel defects 3.22 Nonstoichiometric Defects Metal excess Metal deficiency 3.23 Born–Haber Cycle 3.24 Polarizing Power and Polarizability – Fajans’ Rules Properties of ionic compounds affected by polarization 3.25 Melting Point of Ionic Compounds 3.26 Solubility of Ionic Compounds Prediction of solubility order in ionic compounds 3.27 Electrical Conductivity and Colour 3.28 Acidic Nature of Oxides 3.29 Thermal Stability of Ionic Compounds 3.30 Weak Forces Attractive intermolecular forces Repulsive intermolecular forces Lennard–Jones potential 3.31 Interactions between Ions and Covalent Molecules 3.32 The Metallic Bond Conductivity Lustre Malleability and cohesive force Crystal structures of metals Bond lengths 3.33 Theories of Bonding in Metals Free electron theory Valence bond theory Molecular orbital or band theory 3.34 Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion–Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix–Match Type Questions Answers 4. Hydrolysis 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Hydrolysis Through SN1 Mechanism 4.3 Hydrolysis Through SN2 Mechanism 4.4 Hydrolysis Through Addition–Elimination Mechanism 4.5 Hydrolysis Through Addition Mechanism 4.6 Hydrolysis Through Redox Reaction 4.7 Hydrolysis Through Push–Pull Mechanism 4.8 Hydrolysis Through Mixed Mechanism Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion–Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix–Match Type Questions Answers 5. Coordination Compounds 5.1 Double Salts and Coordination Compounds 5.2 Werner’s Work 5.3 More Recent Methods of Studying Complexes 5.4 Classification of Ligands 5.5 Effective Atomic Number (EAN) Sidgwick EAN rule 5.6 Shapes of d Orbitals 5.7 Bonding in Transition Metal Complexes Valence bond theory Crystal field theory Molecular orbital theory 5.8 Valence Bond Theory 5.9 Crystal Field Theory Octahedral complexes 5.10 Effects of Crystal Field Splitting 5.11 Tetragonal Distortion of Octahedral Complexes (Jahn-Teller Distortion) 5.12 Square Planar Arrangements 5.13 Tetrahedral Complexes 5.14 Magnetism 5.15 Extension of the Crystal Field Theory to Allow for Some Covalency 5.16 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds 5.17 Isomerism Polymerization isomerism Ionization isomerism Hydrate isomerism Linkage isomerism Coordination isomerism Coordination position isomerism Geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion–Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix–Match Type Questions Answers vii 6. Metallurgy 6.1 Types of Ores 6.2 Principal Steps in the Recovery of a Metal from its Ore 6.3 Concentration or Dressing of Ore Gravity separation or levigation Magnetic separation Froth floatation or oil floatation Chemical method of separation: leaching 6.4 Conversion of Concentrated Ore into its Oxide Calcination Roasting 6.5 Different Reduction Processes Carbon reduction Self reduction Thermite reduction (or Goldschmidt-Thermite process) Metal replacement method (Hydrometallurgy) Electrolytic reduction Thermal decomposition method 6.6 Purification or Refining of Metal Thermal refining Electrorefining 6.7 Thermodynamics of Reduction Process 6.8 Alloys and Amalgams Classification of alloys Characteristics of alloys Preparation of alloys Amalgam 6.9 Different Types of Furnaces Used in Metallurgy 6.10 Extraction of Silver Refining of Ag 6.11 Extraction of Gold by Cyanide Process Refining of Au 6.12 Extraction of Tin Refining of Sn 6.13 Extraction of Magnesium Electrolytic reduction Carbon reduction process Other processes 6.14 Extraction of Aluminium Beneficiation of bauxite Electrolytic reduction of pure Al Electrorefining of aluminium 6.15 Extraction of Lead Carbon reduction Self reduction process Refining of lead 6.16 Extraction of Copper Refining of blister copper 6.17 Extraction of Zinc 6.18 Extraction of Iron Purification of iron or preparation of wrought iron Steel making Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion–Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix–Match Type Questions Answers 7. Qualitative Salt Analysis Tests for Acid Radicals 7.1 Action of Dilute Acids 7.2 Tests for CO2 3 -/HCO- 3 and SO2 3 -/HSO- 3 Radicals Distinction between carbonate and bicarbonate Detection of carbonate and bicarbonate when both are present together Distinction between sulphite and bisulphite Some other tests for SO2 3 - ions 7.3 Tests for Sulphide (S2-) Radical 7.4 Tests for Thiosulphate (S2O3 2-) Radical 7.5 Tests for Nitrite (NO2 -) Radical 7.6 Tests for Acetate, Formate and Oxalate Radicals Specific test for acetate (cacodyl oxide test) Specific test for formate (mercury (II) formate test) Specific tests for oxalate 7.7 Tests for Halide (Cl-, Br-, I-) Radicals Specific test for Cl - (chromyl chloride test) Specific test for Br- and I - (layer test) Other test for Br− Other tests for I − 7.8 Tests for Nitrate (NO3 -) Radical 7.9 Tests for Sulphate (SO2 4 -) Radical 7.10 Tests for Borate (BO3 3 -) Radical 286 7.11 Tests for Phosphate (PO3 4 -) Radical 287 7.12 Tests for Chromate (CrO2 4 -) and Dichromate (Cr2O2 7 -) Radicals 7.13 Tests for Permanganate (MnO- 4) and Manganate (MnO2 4 -) Radicals Tests for Basic Radicals 7.14 Dry Tests for Basic Radicals Heating effects on the dry sample Flame test Borax bead test Sodium carbonate bead test 7.15 Wet Tests for Basic Radicals Classification of cations (group analysis) 7.16 Some General Tests for Cations Tests for group V cations Tests for group VI and zero group cations 7.17 Specific Tests for Some Cations Heating Effects Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion–Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix–Match Type Questions Answers 8. Hydrogen and the Hydrides 8.1 Electronic Structure 8.2 Position in the Periodic Table 8.3 Abundance of Hydrogen 8.4 Preparation of Hydrogen 8.5 Properties of Molecular Hydrogen Physical properties Chemical properties Use of hydrogen as fuel 8.6 Isotopes of Hydrogen 8.7 Ortho and Para Hydrogen 8.8 Hydrides Ionic or salt-like hydrides Covalent hydrides Metallic (or interstitial) hydrides Intermediate hydrides 8.9 The Hydrogen Ion 8.10 Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular hydrogen bonding Intramolecular hydrogen bonding Strength of hydrogen bonding Extent of hydrogen bonding Special cases of hydrogen bonding Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion–Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix–Match Type Questions Answers 9. The s-Block Elements and their Compounds Group 1 – The Alkali Metals 9.1 General Properties Electronic structure Size of atoms and ions Density Ionization energy Electronegativity and bond type 9.2 Structures of the Metals, Hardness and Cohesive Energy Melting and boiling points 9.3 Flame Colours and Spectra 9.4 Colour of Compounds 9.5 Chemical Properties Reaction with water Reaction with air Reaction with dinitrogen 9.6 Oxides, Hydroxides, Peroxides and Superoxides Reaction with air Normal oxides – monoxides Hydroxides Peroxides and superoxides 9.7 Sulphides 9.8 Oxosalts – Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Nitrates, Nitrites and Sulphates 9.9 Halides and Polyhalides 9.10 Hydrides 9.11 Solubility and Hydration 9.12 Solutions of Metals in Liquid Ammonia 9.13 Compounds with Carbon 9.14 Complexes, Crowns and Crypts 9.15 Biological Importance 9.16 Differences between Lithium and the Other Group 1 Elements 9.17 Preparation of Sodium Hydroxide 9.18 Electrolytic Processes Diaphragm cell Mercury cathode cell 9.19 Preparation of Sodium Carbonate 9.20 The Solvay (or Ammonia – Soda) Process Group 2 – The Alkaline Earth Elements 9.21 General Properties Electronic structure Size of atoms and ions Ionization energy Electronegativity Hydration energies Solubility and lattice energy Solutions of the metals in liquid ammonia 9.22 Anomalous Behaviour of Beryllium 9.23 Chemical Properties Reaction with water 9.24 Hydroxides 9.25 Hardness of Water 9.26 Reaction with Acids and Bases 9.27 Oxides and Peroxides 9.28 Sulphates 9.29 Nitrates 9.30 Hydrides 9.31 Halides 9.32 Nitrides 9.33 Carbides 9.34 Complexes 9.35 Biological Role of Mg2+ and Ca2+ 9.36 Differences between Beryllium and the Other Group 2 Elements Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion–Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix–Match Type Questions Answers 10. The p-Block Elements and their Compounds Part 1: The Group 13 Elements 10.1 Oxidation States and Types of Bonds The (+III) oxidation state The (+I) oxidation state – the ‘inert pair effect’ 10.2 General Properties Melting points, boiling points and structures i Size of atoms and ions Electropositive character Ionization energy 10.3 Preparation of Boron 10.4 Reactions of Boron 10.5 Reactions of the Other Elements Reaction with water and air Reaction with acids and alkalis Reaction with dioxygen Reaction with the halogens and sulphate Alums Cement 10.6 Compounds of Boron and Oxygen Boron sesquioxide and the borates Acidic properties of H3BO3 or B(OH)3 Structures of borates Borax Sodium peroxoborate Qualitative analysis of boron compounds Fluoboric acid 10.7 The Other Group 13 Oxides Preparation of Al2O3 Amphoteric behaviour – aluminates 10.8 Tetrahydridoborates (Borohydrides) 10.9 Halides Trihalides Dihalides 10.10 Complexes 10.11 Differences Between Boron and the Other Elements (Anomalous Behaviour of Boron) 10.12 Boron Hydrides Compounds known Preparation 10.13 Reactions of the Boranes Hydroboration Reaction with ammonia Some other reactions of boranes 10.14 Structures of the Boranes 10.15 Organometallic Compounds Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions Assertion–Reasoning Type Questions Integer Answer Type Questions Matrix–Match Type Questions Answers Part 2: The Group 14 Elements 10.16 Structure and Allotropy of the Elements 10.17 Differences Between Carbon, Silicon and the Remaining Elements 10.18 Physical Properties Covalent radii Ionization energy Melting points Metallic and non-metallic character Four-covalent compounds 10.19 Chemical Reactivity Inert pair effect 10.20 Carbides Salt-like carbides Interstitial carbides Covalent carbides 10.21 Oxygen Compounds of Carbon Carbon monoxide CO Carbon dioxide CO2 Carbon suboxides 10.22 Carbonates 10.23 Sulphides of Carbon 10.24 Oxides of Silicon 10.25 Oxides of Tin and Lead Oxides of Tin Oxides of Lead 10.26 Silicates Occurrence in the Earth’s crust Soluble silicates 10.27 Classification of Silicates Orthosilicates (neso-silicates) Pyrosilicates (soro-silicates, disilicates) Cyclic silicates Chain silicates Sheet silicates (phyllo-silicates) Three-dimensional silicates 10.28 Glass 10.29 Organosilicon Compounds and the Silicones Organosilicon compounds Preparation of organosilicon compounds Silicones 10.30 Hydrides of Silicon 10.31 Complexes 10.32 Internal p Bonding Using d Orbitals 10.33 Halides Tetrahalides Catenated halides Dihalides 10.34 Organic Derivatives Single Correct Choice Type Questions Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions Comprehension Type Questions